Urban sustainability free essay sample

Urban maintainability Name Instructor In the worldwide setting, Urbanization is seen as a basic pattern for improvement for a few decades to come, this is particularly the situation in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asian nations. Urban communities in referenced districts just as different pieces of the world are anticipated to advance manageable improvement of their particular countries. This is bolstered by the information that urbanization if very much verbalized can improve monetary and social prosperity of countries; since the urban focuses give the offices to creation. Consequently, manageability ought to be fused in all urban evelopment designs so as to advance ventures for center and low-pay individuals from the general public. The advancements should address the present and future needs of country and urban areas of the general public (Fitzgerald,J. 2010). Right now, around a large portion of the Worlds populace live in urban focuses. Investigators venture that by 2030, there will be an expansion of more than one billion urban inhabitants and continuously 2050, urban populace will be between 2. We will compose a custom paper test on Urban maintainability or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page to 3 billion individuals. Consequently, the urban administrators ought to create manageability components to suit the rising urban populace. Maintainability and in general advancement of a urban focus involve upgrading the limit of urban occupants to improve their occupation, it includes rationing the of the current open utilities. A citys advancement plan ought to consequently, consolidate the physical extension as well as give the best methodologies for guaranteeing maintainability. Hence, a far reaching and most productive urban arrangement gives strategies to acknowledge improvement goals, builds up a proper and one of a kind urban condition that advantage both the present and future inhabitants of the city. In ddition, urban maintainability likewise upgrade responsibility and straightforwardness in the administration of the urban utilities and assets. This thusly elevate consistence to the current by-laws and approaches in this manner, limiting natural corruption and contamination. In such manner, urban maintainability alludes to the multi-disciplinary and cross part approach that give the down to earth use and reconciliation of residents in the arranging procedure, dynamic, execution, observing and assessment of urban tasks. This advances possible, long haul, just as self-supporting urban tasks and settings. In this occasion, manageability may identify with the utilization of regular assets and best practices being developed of urban condition, which doesn't bargain the capacity of people in the future to rehearse further turn of events or address their own issues. It alludes to the improvement that coordinates entomb and intra generational value. So as to acknowledge urban supportability, the organizers receive a political procedures that fuses the perspectives and suppositions, open concerns, commitments and ability counsel of nearby pioneers, particular vested parties including; ladies, youngsters, the incapacitated and the old. The methodology requires the coordination f different specialists and authorities from various fields, for example, structures, characteristic asset preservation and the executives, transportation part, exchange and industry and the Non-Governmental associations. They consecutively structure a group which screen and counsel the occupants on the drawn out supportability just as the natural and segment changes of the urban condition Over the previous decades, there has been banters about making urban improvement further feasible. Be that as it may, Just as the discussions on general supportability, there is no push to clarify and evaluate the genuine significance of the term urban manageability. Presently, it is evaluated that the all out populace of individuals living in urban conditions is over half. This is relied upon to reach about 70% by 2050 (World Health Organization). The Food and Agricultural Organization likewise clarifies that the pace of water use is marginally double the pace of populace development, making water a delicate and scant item. Subsequently, there exists significant worries to advance supportability of the urban focuses. In any case, the previously mentioned issues ought not raise a caution in light of the fact that the imperativeness of urban focuses gives significant chances to supportable turn of events. Obviously supportable urban advancement can possibly produce steady employments and give better occupations to urban occupants. This is thusly is combined with critical improvement in social prosperity and financial development; in addition, manageability upgrades the security of natural just as asset use, it advances assurance of nearby and trans-limit environments. What's more, this decreases both the rustic and urban neediness, and along these lines the executives of urban assets and advancement is hard to address, and have dependable effects on the physical condition of urban focuses. This may cause the development of ghettos, and therefore, prohibition, imbalances and social agitation begin to create. Current endeavors by both the private part and governments to diminish negative ecological effects of the urban areas and the urban improvement are all around expounded. Nonetheless, it is hard to clarify if their intercessions are reasonable or not. In many examples, governments propose and actualize ventures without the full thought of their monetary and specialized proficiency. For instance, the desalination plants developed in significant Australian towns to give different wellsprings of ater is neither financially nor in fact effective technique for water arrangement. Maybe, fitting and feasible urban advancement models for world urban communities should address both financial and mechanical proficiency standards. That is, the philosophy should target limiting the contamination and harm to the physical condition. The models ought to also expand the financial productivity while then again advance feasible utilization of assets and creation. Urban manageability standards feature decrease in carbon outflows and related vitality wastage during utilization. In expansive view, it likewise involves lessening the water wastage and pointless interest. As a significant way to deal with city advancement, it advances the selection and maintainable utilization of assets and cutoff points squander age. Urban maintainability encourages suitable waste administration; this envelops the reception of 3Rs to be specific; decrease, re-use and reusing of squanders. These progressions are relied upon to oblige comparable alterations in the financial exhibition parts of the advancement undertakings and exercises (Schaffer, D. 010). Contextual analysis The City of Vancouvesr. Vancouver city is one of the perfect urban communities in Canada and the entire world. The work features the methodologies taken by the city organization and chairman of the city to improve its maintainability. Until this point in time, Vancouver is one the greenest urban communities on the planet, it additionally give exclusive expectations of living to the inhabitants dependent on t he accessibility of the best administrations and utilities notwithstanding the perfect city condition. In the prior years, the city relied upon the execution and suggestions of the Clouds of Change report of 1990. This report gave the rules and activities for diminishing outflows particularly the carbon emanations from assembling firms. Following five years, he urban organizers built up a far reaching City Plan of 1995. The arrangement among different concerns planned for giving rules to the nearby government and city occupants in order to create proficient and maintainable urban networks. What's more, the city the board embraced The Vancouver Greenways Plan. This arrangement empowered the improvement of valuable cycling and strolling openings, this upgraded the wellbeing of city occupants along significant parkways. In this way, the arrangement added to maintainability of the city by lessening wounds and mishaps along the lanes, streets and interstates. As a development, the city organization embraced a n comprehensive ransportation plan in 1997, the arrangement offered accentuation to strolling, travel and cycling. event of mishaps. So as to improve Vancouver and upgrade maintainability of the city, the chairman framed the Cool Vancouver Task Force in 2002. The fundamental point of the team was to help with creating activity intends to address environmental change and related effects on urban settlements and foundation. These activity empowered Vancouver to turn into The Climate-Friendly City on the planet. In 2005, the team helped draft joining a wide-running corporate environmental change activity plan for city tasks. This point by point plan gave expound data identifying with changes that the Vancouver chamber was assumed make just as the reasonable ventures to be actualized both in the present and what's to come. Plans tended to applicable alterations in various divisions of the economy, instruction, transportation, clean creation components and waste administration. To additionally advance maintainability of Vancouver city, the neighborhood authority passed the Eco Density in 2008. This movement gave a milestone in upgrading urban maintainability since; it advances increasingly practical urban arranging forms. The arrangement endeavors o empower an equation of densification that is monetarily, socially and naturally neighborly. It encourages the decrease of the citys bothersome effects and biological impression. Among different concerns, Eco-Density likewise supports the versatile reuse of previously winning structures, the improvement of extra optional lodging units and the formation of new lodging plans that are progressively receptive to current advancement guidelines that are viewed as economical. To top everything and encourage urban maintainability, the administration of the city expected to set up enduring ways to deal with urbanization. The met

Contemporary Issues in Business and Management Essay

Contemporary Issues in Business and Management - Essay Example The outer business condition incorporates segment, social, social, political, lawful, conservative, mechanical, and natural components. The earth wherein an association works, essentially impacts each part of the business. The business system, promoting procedure just as the operational technique of an organization is profoundly subject to its outside business condition. What's more, the inward elements of the business are likewise affected to a huge degree (Lamb, Hair and McDaniel, 2010). Similarly, corporate culture is likewise a vital factor for a business to work productively in the commercial center. As indicated by Daft (2009), corporate culture goes about as the most significant system for pulling in, holding and persuading the ability. In the comparable way, various researchers have laid accentuation to the way that a company’s esteem is reliant upon the manner in which individuals are treated in an association (Daft and Marcic, 2010). In this examination, we will atte mpt to reveal the significance of business condition and corporate culture in an association. The organization picked for leading the investigation is Nokia and as per the report Nokia is at present managing issues relating to outside business condition and corporate culture. This examination will likewise support how the organization is managing these predominant circumstances. Presently getting further profound into the examination, a short review of Nokia is introduced underneath. Nokia: A Brief Overview Nokia is a Finland based worldwide organization that works in the field of data and correspondence innovation. The organization was established in the year 1865 and is directly headquartered at Keilaniemi, Espoo, Finland. The organizers of the organization were Leo Mechelin and Fredrik Idestam. From the date of its joining, the organization has constantly attempted to offer clients with high item esteem (Bontje Musterd and Pelzer, 2011). What's more, the organization likewise int ends to associate the entire world with their innovation contributions. Such aims additionally reflect in their slogan which states â€Å"connecting people†. The key results of the organization are versatile IT gadgets and cell phones. Aside from that, Nokia likewise sells diverse sort of games, application, media, music, and informing stage through the company’s OVI stage. Thus computerized guide and pilot administrations are likewise given with no expense through Navteq, which is an entirely claimed auxiliary of Nokia. The organization is partitioned into three divisions to be specific cell phones, portable arrangements, and markets. The versatile arrangements division is answerable for directing Nokia’s arrangement of versatile PCs and Smartphone, though the cell phone division is liable for controlling the item arrangement of cell phone. The market division takes care of the flexibly chain and appropriation exercises (Yahoo Finance, 2012). The organization h as additionally gone into different key unions which encourages them to take into account broadened client base and huge geological areas. Vertu, Navteq and Nokia Siemens systems are a portion of the vital partnerships of the organization (Plunkett, 2009). A portion of the significant contenders of the organization are Samsung, Apple, HTC, Motorola and the neighborhood players of the market (where Nokia is having its tasks). Until 31 December, 2011, the organization had a representative quality of 130, 050. As of monetary year 2011, the organization

3 Creative Leadership Methods to Spark the Next Big Idea - Focus

3 Creative Leadership Methods to Spark the Next Big Idea - Focus Innovation. Whether you’re watching a recent TED talk or looking up Forbes’ 30 under 30, innovation is a word that will come up over and over again. But as it turns out, it’s not just a buzzword. The likes of Snapchat, who claim to reach a mammoth 41%  of all 18-25 year-olds  in the U.S. daily, have seen huge gains from coming up with  and harnessing, that one bright idea. So we know that creative thinking within startups and companies is leading to growth. The questions is   how can you  create an environment in which any single member of your team could come up with the next winning concept? We’ve looked at a bunch of studies, and included a hint of personal experience, to collate three proven creative leadership methods. Try these three techniques in your company to promote and sustain creativity in your team: 1. Set up a Team Experiment To create an environment where everyone’s ideas feel welcome, companies should take a leaf out of science’s book. Belle Beth Cooper, productivity expert, believes that by viewing work in a more scientific way, and conducting ideas as experiments, we stand to learn a great deal: “A scientist hasn’t failed in their work if their hypothesis turns out to be incorrect. Rather, all they have to do to succeed in their work is run the experiment and collect data. That data helps them form new hypotheses and run further experiments. Compare this to the average approach to work. There’ll usually be a clear aim in mind and not a great deal of scientific process when it comes to getting the work submitted by a deadline. You either do the work well or not, and turn it in on time, or not.” Buckminster Fuller tried and tested  the experimental approach, back in the 1930s. By viewing every professional and personal decision as a micro-experiment, Fuller was able to turn his life around. He transformed from being on the brink of despair to becoming a famous writer, inventor, and designer of the architectural structures he’s remembered for today. You can apply this approach in your leadership too. To increase ideation, show your team that ideas are not only welcome but will be tried out as experiments.  Your team will feel more confident to contribute ideas knowing that suggestions won’t succeed or fail, but will simply be proved or disproved, like a hypothesis. Either way, the company will stand to learn, develop and grow. At MeisterLabs, we’ve experimented with a bunch of different methods in our office and company culture, to see what would boost our collaboration and creativity. Some have succeeded (yogi Mondays and Fridays in the office) and some we decided to scrap (not-so-hot-desking Wednesdays). We’ll be running a series of articles soon to talk through these company culture experiments but our MeisterLabs experiments don’t stop there. We also like to experiment with our products its in our name after all. Run a team competition As Michael Kranner, MeisterLabs’ own Growth guy, shared with us on the FOCUS blog previously, our MeisterLabs growth team is the link between product development and marketing. However, product experiments extend  outside of just the growth team. This year, the MeisterLabs team are running a competition where every team member is invited to propose a ‘growth experiment’ (or multiple) for either MindMeister or MeisterTask. Whoever comes up with the winning experiment will be awarded a trip to New York, on the company. The aim of the competition is to actively invite all employees, not just the growth team, to take the creative steering wheel. In turn, the company has come together to really be creative with how we think the products could be improved. Everyones suggestions are welcomed and appreciated, regardless of where in the company theyve come from. What’s more, there are no failures, as every idea is a growth experiment, from which the team can learn. Launch an idea competition in your office. Try asking non-marketing team members to come up with new taglines or customer support staff for ideas on how they think the homepage could be improved. Your next growth hack could be right on your doorstep. 2.  Inspire Your Team with Humility As MeisterLabs’ CEO, Michael Hollauf, wrote recently for Entrepreneur, our expectation that leaders should fill a room with self-importance and confidence, might actually be wrong. A study from the University of Aveiro in Portugal revealed, humble leaders actually make their teams more creative. The research team found that when team members considered their boss to be a humble leader, they felt psychologically safer. This, in turn, increased their “psychological capital”. These are the feelings of hope, optimism and resilience, which team members need to experience so they can perform at their peak. Data showed that when psycap rises, teams become more creative. “This capacity is especially relevant for leaders seeking to engender change. Dialectical processes are exemplified in cases such as Apple where leaders have devised a means to replace an existing order with a new oneA major source of contradiction in business is the need for the individual ego to assert itself and for the organization to contain egoism.” So Clegg, Pina e Cunha and Rego, of the University of Aveiro, recommend that for companies to enjoy the success of innovators like Apple, they should first look at  their own leadership. By aiming to control personal egos, the study claims that companies stand to achieve a great deal. How to try this with your team If you feel humility is not yet a leadership forte at your company, don’t despair. You can turn to your team for help. Ingvar Kamprad, founder of IKEA, draws on employee ideas to remain humble. What’s more, Kamprad takes these ideas seriously, no matter where they originate in the corporate organization chart. Kamprad once suggested: “the work floor is the best university”. He’s also known for telling people he doesn’t know everything and “has many shortcomings.” What’s the result? IKEA is booming and Ingvar Kamprad is said to have a net worth of more than $33 billion. Interestingly, Kamprad still flies economy. Successful but still humble. Follow the lead of famously humble IKEA founder, Ingvar Kamprad. Get out there and chat to your team at every level of the company, particularly the levels you wouldnt usually interact with. You never know what ideas they might have stored. 3. Establish Creative Parameters You may well have heard about Roy Baumeister’s theory of decision fatigue. Baumeisters study found that having too much free-range, and specifically too much choice, leaves people mentally depleted and unable to choose wisely.  Testing Baumeister’s findings, Johnathan Levav found that as decision fatigue begins to set in, people stop making decisions based on quality and instead go for the default option. In other words, Levav found that when provided with too much freedom, people within the study were actually taking the less creative decisions. We can recognize decision fatigue in creative workplaces too. When pushing for creativity, giving employees a completely blank slate, with no constraints, can backfire. Preventing decision fatigue in creative workplaces At FOCUS, we recently sat down with Wouter Zwarekant, Creative Director of the Dutch digital agency, We Brand Creative, to discuss how they successfully manage their creative projects. We Brand Creative handle concepts, strategies, designs and development, and do all of it in-house. As a result, creativity is absolutely central to their workflow. “Our team began small and this was a conscious decision. We’re a young team working in an informal, creative and open-minded atmosphere.” Wouter explains that the working environment was perfect for creative drive. Team members were able to bounce ideas off of one another and there was never any confusion over task division or deadlines. Wouter could simply lean across the table and ask about a project’s status.   However, as their creative drive and market niche began to pay dividends, this informal working process soon became hectic: “Due to a combination of this relaxed attitude and our steady growth, we gradually lost the ability to keep track of all of our projects.” Setting parameters Wouter decided that in order to meet project deadlines, without crushing team creativity by micro-managing, they needed to set out some basic boundaries within their creative projects: “We know from experience that creative projects can often overrun so we started looking for a project management solution. MeisterTask allows us to make to-do lists for every project element. All team members are able to view deadlines, set roles and track progression, via the shared project dashboards. With these parameters in place, we became much better placed to stay focused and work towards a great final product.” We Brand Creative’s efforts have pulled off. The creative agency is thriving, delivering concurrent projects to a high standard, ahead of the deadline and on budget. All while still retaining the secret sauce that got them to where they are today: creativity. To prevent decision fatigue and promote creativity, try using a transparent task management tool. With MeisterTask you can keep team members in the loop with project parameters, without crushing creativity by micromanaging. Whether you’re a small company aiming to direct team creativity or a large enterprise looking to shake up structures, there are a few different leadership hacks teams can use to spark new ideas and sustain team creativity long term: Invite employees to experiment with company culture and product development Practice humility as a leader and consult your team Channel creative endeavors  with a few parameters So those are our three tips for creative leadership. If you have any tips of your own, comments or questions, as always, reach out in the comments below! Creative team management made simple. Get started with MeisterTask Its free! Get started with MeisterTask 3 Creative Leadership Methods to Spark the Next Big Idea - Focus Innovation. Whether you’re watching a recent TED talk or looking up Forbes’ 30 under 30, innovation is a word that will come up over and over again. But as it turns out, it’s not just a buzzword. The likes of Snapchat, who claim to reach a mammoth 41%  of all 18-25 year-olds  in the U.S. daily, have seen huge gains from coming up with  and harnessing, that one bright idea. So we know that creative thinking within startups and companies is leading to growth. The questions is   how can you  create an environment in which any single member of your team could come up with the next winning concept? We’ve looked at a bunch of studies, and included a hint of personal experience, to collate three proven creative leadership methods. Try these three techniques in your company to promote and sustain creativity in your team: 1. Set up a Team Experiment To create an environment where everyone’s ideas feel welcome, companies should take a leaf out of science’s book. Belle Beth Cooper, productivity expert, believes that by viewing work in a more scientific way, and conducting ideas as experiments, we stand to learn a great deal: “A scientist hasn’t failed in their work if their hypothesis turns out to be incorrect. Rather, all they have to do to succeed in their work is run the experiment and collect data. That data helps them form new hypotheses and run further experiments. Compare this to the average approach to work. There’ll usually be a clear aim in mind and not a great deal of scientific process when it comes to getting the work submitted by a deadline. You either do the work well or not, and turn it in on time, or not.” Buckminster Fuller tried and tested  the experimental approach, back in the 1930s. By viewing every professional and personal decision as a micro-experiment, Fuller was able to turn his life around. He transformed from being on the brink of despair to becoming a famous writer, inventor, and designer of the architectural structures he’s remembered for today. You can apply this approach in your leadership too. To increase ideation, show your team that ideas are not only welcome but will be tried out as experiments.  Your team will feel more confident to contribute ideas knowing that suggestions won’t succeed or fail, but will simply be proved or disproved, like a hypothesis. Either way, the company will stand to learn, develop and grow. At MeisterLabs, we’ve experimented with a bunch of different methods in our office and company culture, to see what would boost our collaboration and creativity. Some have succeeded (yogi Mondays and Fridays in the office) and some we decided to scrap (not-so-hot-desking Wednesdays). We’ll be running a series of articles soon to talk through these company culture experiments but our MeisterLabs experiments don’t stop there. We also like to experiment with our products its in our name after all. Run a team competition As Michael Kranner, MeisterLabs’ own Growth guy, shared with us on the FOCUS blog previously, our MeisterLabs growth team is the link between product development and marketing. However, product experiments extend  outside of just the growth team. This year, the MeisterLabs team are running a competition where every team member is invited to propose a ‘growth experiment’ (or multiple) for either MindMeister or MeisterTask. Whoever comes up with the winning experiment will be awarded a trip to New York, on the company. The aim of the competition is to actively invite all employees, not just the growth team, to take the creative steering wheel. In turn, the company has come together to really be creative with how we think the products could be improved. Everyones suggestions are welcomed and appreciated, regardless of where in the company theyve come from. What’s more, there are no failures, as every idea is a growth experiment, from which the team can learn. Launch an idea competition in your office. Try asking non-marketing team members to come up with new taglines or customer support staff for ideas on how they think the homepage could be improved. Your next growth hack could be right on your doorstep. 2.  Inspire Your Team with Humility As MeisterLabs’ CEO, Michael Hollauf, wrote recently for Entrepreneur, our expectation that leaders should fill a room with self-importance and confidence, might actually be wrong. A study from the University of Aveiro in Portugal revealed, humble leaders actually make their teams more creative. The research team found that when team members considered their boss to be a humble leader, they felt psychologically safer. This, in turn, increased their “psychological capital”. These are the feelings of hope, optimism and resilience, which team members need to experience so they can perform at their peak. Data showed that when psycap rises, teams become more creative. “This capacity is especially relevant for leaders seeking to engender change. Dialectical processes are exemplified in cases such as Apple where leaders have devised a means to replace an existing order with a new oneA major source of contradiction in business is the need for the individual ego to assert itself and for the organization to contain egoism.” So Clegg, Pina e Cunha and Rego, of the University of Aveiro, recommend that for companies to enjoy the success of innovators like Apple, they should first look at  their own leadership. By aiming to control personal egos, the study claims that companies stand to achieve a great deal. How to try this with your team If you feel humility is not yet a leadership forte at your company, don’t despair. You can turn to your team for help. Ingvar Kamprad, founder of IKEA, draws on employee ideas to remain humble. What’s more, Kamprad takes these ideas seriously, no matter where they originate in the corporate organization chart. Kamprad once suggested: “the work floor is the best university”. He’s also known for telling people he doesn’t know everything and “has many shortcomings.” What’s the result? IKEA is booming and Ingvar Kamprad is said to have a net worth of more than $33 billion. Interestingly, Kamprad still flies economy. Successful but still humble. Follow the lead of famously humble IKEA founder, Ingvar Kamprad. Get out there and chat to your team at every level of the company, particularly the levels you wouldnt usually interact with. You never know what ideas they might have stored. 3. Establish Creative Parameters You may well have heard about Roy Baumeister’s theory of decision fatigue. Baumeisters study found that having too much free-range, and specifically too much choice, leaves people mentally depleted and unable to choose wisely.  Testing Baumeister’s findings, Johnathan Levav found that as decision fatigue begins to set in, people stop making decisions based on quality and instead go for the default option. In other words, Levav found that when provided with too much freedom, people within the study were actually taking the less creative decisions. We can recognize decision fatigue in creative workplaces too. When pushing for creativity, giving employees a completely blank slate, with no constraints, can backfire. Preventing decision fatigue in creative workplaces At FOCUS, we recently sat down with Wouter Zwarekant, Creative Director of the Dutch digital agency, We Brand Creative, to discuss how they successfully manage their creative projects. We Brand Creative handle concepts, strategies, designs and development, and do all of it in-house. As a result, creativity is absolutely central to their workflow. “Our team began small and this was a conscious decision. We’re a young team working in an informal, creative and open-minded atmosphere.” Wouter explains that the working environment was perfect for creative drive. Team members were able to bounce ideas off of one another and there was never any confusion over task division or deadlines. Wouter could simply lean across the table and ask about a project’s status.   However, as their creative drive and market niche began to pay dividends, this informal working process soon became hectic: “Due to a combination of this relaxed attitude and our steady growth, we gradually lost the ability to keep track of all of our projects.” Setting parameters Wouter decided that in order to meet project deadlines, without crushing team creativity by micro-managing, they needed to set out some basic boundaries within their creative projects: “We know from experience that creative projects can often overrun so we started looking for a project management solution. MeisterTask allows us to make to-do lists for every project element. All team members are able to view deadlines, set roles and track progression, via the shared project dashboards. With these parameters in place, we became much better placed to stay focused and work towards a great final product.” We Brand Creative’s efforts have pulled off. The creative agency is thriving, delivering concurrent projects to a high standard, ahead of the deadline and on budget. All while still retaining the secret sauce that got them to where they are today: creativity. To prevent decision fatigue and promote creativity, try using a transparent task management tool. With MeisterTask you can keep team members in the loop with project parameters, without crushing creativity by micromanaging. Whether you’re a small company aiming to direct team creativity or a large enterprise looking to shake up structures, there are a few different leadership hacks teams can use to spark new ideas and sustain team creativity long term: Invite employees to experiment with company culture and product development Practice humility as a leader and consult your team Channel creative endeavors  with a few parameters So those are our three tips for creative leadership. If you have any tips of your own, comments or questions, as always, reach out in the comments below! Creative team management made simple. Get started with MeisterTask Its free! Get started with MeisterTask

Why School Attendance Matters and Strategies to Improve It

School attendance matters. It is arguably one of the most important indicators of school success. You cannot learn what you are not there to learn. Students who attend school regularly improve their chances of being academically successful. There are obvious exceptions to both sides of the rule. There are a few students deemed academically successful who also have attendance issues and a few students who struggle academically who are always present. However, in most cases, strong attendance correlates with academic success, and poor attendance correlates with academic struggles. To understand the importance of attendance and the influence the lack thereof has, we must first define what constitutes both satisfactory and poor attendance.   Attendance Works, a non-profit dedicated to improving school attendance, has categorized school attendance into three distinct categories. Students who have 9 or fewer absences are satisfactory. Those with 10-17 absences are exhibiting warning signs for potential attendance issues.   Students with 18 or more absences have a clear cut chronic attendance issue. These numbers are based on the traditional 180-day school calendar. Teachers and administrators will agree that the students who need to be at school the most are the ones that are seemingly seldom there. Poor attendance creates significant learning gaps. Even if students complete the make-up work, they most likely will not learn and retain the information as well as if they had been there. Make-up work can pile up very quickly. When students return from an extended hiatus, they not only have to complete the make-up work, but they also have to contend with their regular classroom assignments. Students often make the decision to rush through or completely ignore the make-up work so that they can keep pace with their regular class studies.   Doing this naturally creates a learning gap and causes the student’s grades to drop. Over time, this learning gap increases to the point where it becomes nearly impossible to close. Chronic absenteeism will lead to frustration for the student. The more they miss, the more difficult it becomes to catch up. Eventually, the student gives up altogether putting them on a path towards being a high school dropout. Chronic absenteeism is a key indicator that a student will drop out. This makes it even more critical to find early intervention strategies to prevent attendance from ever becoming an issue. The amount of schooling missed can quickly add up. Students who enter school at kindergarten and miss an average of 10 days per year until they graduate high school will miss 140 days. According to the definition above, this student would not have an attendance problem. However, all together that student would miss nearly an entire year of school when you add everything together. Now compare that student with another student who has a chronic attendance issue and misses an average of 25 days a year. The student with a chronic attendance issue has 350 missed days or almost two entire years. It is no wonder that those who have attendance issues are almost always further behind academically than their peers who have satisfactory attendance. Strategies to Improve School Attendance Improving school attendance can prove to be a difficult endeavor.   Schools often have very little direct control in this area. Most of the responsibility falls on the student’s parents or guardians, especially the elementary aged ones.   Many parents simply do not understand how important attendance is. They do not realize how quickly missing even a day a week can add up. Furthermore, they do not understand the unspoken message that they are relaying to their children by allowing them to miss school regularly.   Finally, they do not understand that they are not only setting their children up to fail in school, but also in life. For these reasons, it is essential that elementary schools in particular focus on educating parents on the value of attendance.   Unfortunately, most schools operate under the assumption that all parents already understand how important attendance is, but that those whose children have a chronic attendance issue are simply ignoring it or do not value education. The truth is that most parents want what is best for their children, but have not learned or been taught what that is. Schools must invest a significant amount of their resources to educate their local community adequately on the importance of attendance. Regular attendance should play a part in the daily anthem of a school and a critical role in defining the culture of a school. The fact is that every school has an attendance policy. In most cases, that policy is only punitive in nature meaning that it simply provides parents with an ultimatum that essentially says â€Å"get your child to school or else.†Ã‚   Those policies, while effective for a few, will not deter many for whom it has become easier to skip school than it is to attend. For those, you have to show them and prove to them that attending school on a regular basis will help lead to a brighter future. Schools should be challenged to develop attendance policies and programs that are more preventive in nature than they are punitive. This begins with getting to the root of the attendance issues on an individualized level. School officials must be willing to sit down with parents and listen to their reasons for why their children are absent without being judgmental. This allows the school to form a partnership with the parent wherein they can develop an individualized plan for improving attendance, a support system for follow through, and a connection to outside resources if necessary. This approach will not be easy. It will take a lot of time and resources. However, it is an investment that we should be willing to make based on how important we know attendance to be.   Our goal should be to get every child to school so that the effective teachers we have in place can do their jobs. When that happens, the quality of our school systems will improve significantly.

Corporate Social Responsibility For Employees - 1473 Words

During the 1970s, the Business world became aware of damages engendered by the human activity, in particular environmental damages. For this reason appeared the notion of  « sustainable development  » in the Brundland report (1987). This notion can be defined as the mean to assure the development of the current generation without compromising the development of future generations. The Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) are in a sense the contribution of companies to respect the stakes of the sustainable development. The Corporate Social Responsibilities of companies base on social, environmental and economic concerns. This match the â€Å"triple bottom line† theory: â€Å"People, Planet, Profit†. Over the years, Corporate Social Responsibility expended and became very important in the Business organisation and a large number of companies take part in CSR initiatives. In 2004, approximately 90% of the 500 best performing companies according to Fortune magazine h ad invested in CSR efforts. However, we might wonder what are the pros and the cons of Corporate Social Responsibility for employees, management, organisation, society and environment? On one hand, I will deal with the dangers of Corporate Social Responsibility and on the other hand I will deal with the benefit of CSR. First of all, Corporate Social responsibility can negatively affect the stakeholders and the environment. Corporate Social Responsibility can beShow MoreRelatedâ€Å"Corporate Social Responsibility and Younger Generation Employees†3503 Words   |  15 Pagesâ€Å"Corporate Social Responsibility and Younger Generation Employees† Authors: Mrs. Mrinal Sanjay Rao, Mr. Masarrat Raj Assistant Professor Student of PGDM (Finance) Sinhgad Institute of Business Administration and Research, Kondhwa (Bk), Pune. 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Southwest is a successful organization that perfectly blends operational focus with social obligations which translates into increased revenue and customer support. For several years, Southwest Airlines received recognition as one of the 100 Best Corporate Citizens by Corporate Responsibility MagazineRead MoreThe Concept Of Corporate Social Responsibility Essay1696 Words   |  7 PagesConcept of Corporate Social Responsibility According to Pearce Robinson (2014), corporate social responsibility (CSR) is â€Å"the idea that business has a duty to serve society in general as well as the financial interests of stockholders.†(P.56) The concept of corporate social responsibility of the business operation must comply with sustainable development idea; the company should not only consider its own financial and operating conditions, but also think of its impacts on the social and environment

How Technology Affects Modern America Free Essays

The microeconomic picture of the U. S. has changed immensely since 1973, and the trends are proving to be consistently downward for the nation’s high school graduates and high school drop-outs. We will write a custom essay sample on How Technology Affects Modern America or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Of all the reasons given for the wage squeeze – international competition, technology, deregulation, the decline of unions and defense cuts – technology is probably the most critical. It has favored the educated and the skilled,† says M. B. Zuckerman, editor-in-chief of U. S. News World Report (7/31/95). Since 1973, wages adjusted for inflation have declined by about a quarter for high school dropouts, by a sixth for high school graduates, and by about 7% for those with some college education. Only the wages of college graduates are up. Of the fastest growing technical jobs, software engineering tops the list. Carnegie Mellon University reports, â€Å"recruitment of it’s software engineering students is up this year by over 20%. † All engineering jobs are paying well, proving that highly skilled labor is what employers want! There is clear evidence that the supply of workers in the [unskilled labor] categories already exceeds the demand for their services,† says L. Mishel, Research Director of Welfare Reform Network. In view of these facts, I wonder if these trends are good or bad for society. â€Å"The danger of the information age is that while in the short run it may be cheaper to replace workers with technology, in the long run it is potentially self-destructive because there will not be enough purchasing power to grow the economy,† M. B. Zuckerman. My feeling is that the trend from unskilled labor to highly technical, skilled labor is a good one! But, political action must be taken to ensure that this societal evolution is beneficial to all of us. â€Å"Back in 1970, a high school diploma could still be a ticket to the middle income bracket, a nice car in the driveway and a house in the suburbs. Today all it gets is a clunker parked on the street, and a dingy apartment in a low rent building,† says Time Magazine (Jan 30, 1995 issue). However, in 1970, our government provided our children with a free education, allowing the vast majority of our population to earn a high school diploma. This means that anyone, regardless of family income, could be educated to a level that would allow them a comfortable place in the middle class. Even restrictions upon child labor hours kept children in school, since they are not allowed to work full time while under the age of 18. This government policy was conducive to our economic markets, and allowed our country to prosper from 1950 through 1970. Now, our own prosperity has moved us into a highly technical world, that requires highly skilled labor. The natural answer to this problem, is that the U. S. Government’s education policy must keep pace with the demands of the highly technical job market. If a middle class income of 1970 required a high school diploma, and the middle class income of 1990 requires a college diploma, then it should be as easy for the children of the 90’s to get a college diploma, as it was for the children of the 70’s to get a high school diploma. This brings me to the issue of our country’s political process, in a technologically advanced world. Voting Poisoned Political Process in The U. S. The advance of mass communication is natural in a technologically advanced society. In our country’s short history, we have seen the development of the printing press, the radio, the television, and now the Internet; all of these, able to reach millions of people. Equally natural, is the poisoning and corruption of these medias, to benefit a few. From the 1950’s until today, television has been the preferred media. Because it captures the minds of most Americans, it is the preferred method of persuasion by political figures, multinational corporate advertising, and the upper 2% of the elite, who have an interest in controlling public opinion. Newspapers and radio experienced this same history, but are now somewhat obsolete in the science of changing public opinion. Though I do not suspect television to become completely obsolete within the next 20 years, I do see the Internet being used by the same political figures, multinational corporations, and upper 2% elite, for the same purposes. At this time, in the Internet’s young history, it is largely unregulated, and can be accessed and changed by any person with a computer and a modem; no license required, and no need for millions of dollars of equipment. But, in reviewing our history, we find that newspaper, radio and television were once unregulated too. It is easy to see why government has such an interest in regulating the Internet these days. Though public opinion supports regulating sexual material on the Internet, it is just the first step in total regulation, as experienced by every other popular mass media in our history. This is why it is imperative to educate people about the Internet, and make it be known that any regulation of it is destructive to us, not constructive! I have been a daily user of the Internet for 5 years (and a daily user of BBS communications for 4 years), which makes me a senior among us. I have seen the moves to regulate this type of communication, and have always openly opposed it. My feelings about technology, the Internet, and political process are simple. In light of the history of mass communication, there is nothing we can do to protect any media from the â€Å"sound byte† or any other form of commercial poisoning. But, our country’s public opinion doesn’t have to fall into a nose-dive of lies and corruption, because of it! The first experience I had in a course on Critical Thinking came when I entered college. As many good things as I have learned in college, I found this course to be most valuable to my basic education. I was angry that I hadn’t had access to the power of critical thought over my twelve years of basic education. Simple forms of critical thinking can be taught as early as kindergarten. It isn’t hard to teach a young person to understand the patterns of persuasion, and be able to defend themselves against them. Television doesn’t have to be a weapon against us, used to sway our opinions to conform to people who care about their own prosperity, not ours. With the power of a critical thinking education, we can stop being motivated by the sound byte and, instead we can laugh at it as a cheap attempt to persuade us. In conclusion, I feel that the advance of technology is a good trend for our society; however, it must be in conjunction with advance in education so that society is able to master and understand technology. I think technology has an important effect on us, the way we act, react, and take actions in society. We can be the masters of technology, and not let it be the masters of us. How to cite How Technology Affects Modern America, Papers

Writing to persuade Stop smoking leaflet Essay Example

Writing to persuade Stop smoking leaflet Paper Why do you smoke? That is the question that everyone asks when you stand out side for a cigarette. People usually say the same thing over and over again, but to be honest its all excuses. They all say its stressful, its cool, its something to do etc. But at the end of the day they are killing themselves very slowly. Back in the 1980s, people would have classified smoking as a fashion thing, but now, if a boy were smoking down the street, a vast majority of girls would find it off putting and so for all you smokers out there if you think you look good smoking, YOU DONT. The amount of reasons that people say not to smoke is so long, that it is basically never ending. But the main reasons for you not to smoke are that it makes you fingers smell, you get bad breath. It would also give you rotten teeth. The condition of your teeth would become really bad if you keep on smoking for a very long time in your life. It would become yellow and your teeth would fall out from an early age than usual. These are the basic reason not to smoke, but the next set of reasons is what smokers might not know. If you carry on smoking, your hair would fall out from an early age, your skin condition would be rough and your nails would be yellow. Your face would have wrinkles and that would make you look so much older than you really are. Your lungs would not be able to handle it as it would get worse and worse and eventually, walking to places like for example walking to the shops would make you feel tired. We will write a custom essay sample on Writing to persuade Stop smoking leaflet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Writing to persuade Stop smoking leaflet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Writing to persuade Stop smoking leaflet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It would slower heart beat which would mean it would take longer for fresh blood to get to the virtual organs. Your blood would have very little oxygen and would have an excess of nicotine. Smoking is the main reason for cancer because it affects the brain as the tobacco can affect your body badly. If you smoke and are planning to have kids then the chances of that happening would be limited as smoking does make you become infertile, which means it would prevent you from producing babies.

Essay Reflection Ultraviolet and Sun Exposure

Essay Reflection Ultraviolet and Sun Exposure Essay Reflection: Ultraviolet and Sun Exposure It’s undeniable that this year has been one of the hottest as we all have walked to class in t-shirts sweating in the middle of October/November. As our temperatures grow hotter- sun exposure is unavoidable. I chose the topic of UV light and prevention for my presentation because I wanted a topic that not just related to something we learned in class about sustainability but something everyone could take away with them that was beneficial. The biggest process of this project for me was trying to fit everything I wanted to say into 10 minutes. There really is so much more information that is useful but there just isn’t enough time to get it all out. In addition to the process of this presentation I felt like it was important to find the most reliable, trusting sources, with the most up to date information on them if I wanted to put an emphasis on the seriousness of the issue. I learned a lot from doing this project. Honestly, more than I expected. I did not realize how many things are sold to use on the market as sun protectants are mislabeled and misleading. I write this in regards to sunscreens, sunglasses, clothing, and hats that I mention/mentioned in my presentation. I felt some guilt along the way as well after I realized the sunscreen I used on my son this past summer was close to useless and really did nothing at all. It was an eye opener to me to pay closer attention to the fine print and do more researc h before just assuming labels on products are as they say

Business people are still lousy KISSers, Daily Telegraph - Emphasis

Business people are still lousy KISSers, Daily Telegraph Business people are still lousy KISSers, Daily Telegraph New research reveals that an inability or reluctance to use plain English or to keep it short and simple (KISS) is still the single greatest barrier to good business writing. The findings by Emphasis, who have been training business people how to write for over eight years, show that a staggering 99 per cent of the pre-training documents they receive from clients contain unnecessary business-jargon or overly-long and complicated words and phrases. And for 63 per cent of people, this failure to KISS represents one of the three biggest challenges to improving their business writing.* The research findings coincide with the announcement of the Plain English Campaigns Annual Awards on 12 December, where organisations and individuals are recognised for having genuinely made an effort to present themselves using clear and concise English. The research only confirms what we already knew from working with a broad range of blue chip companies and public sector organisations, says Emphasis chief executive, Robert Ashton. Despite the odd refreshing example of an individual or organisation really embracing the KISS principle, using plain English remains the exception rather than the rule. So why cant business people KISS? A major issue is the popular misconception that long words and elaborate phrases are somehow a sign of superior intellect or professionalism. But people are inundated with documents to read (an average company with 5000 employees produces a staggering 78 pieces of writing every minute). They are also overworked and short of time so they dont want to have to translate complicated words and phrases; they just want to get to the point. And this is only half the story, says Ashton. The other problem is management speak and buzz words. People are tired of reading about synergy and excellence, while cutting edge or innovative products and services are ten-a-penny these days. And as for raising the bar and low-hanging fruit, the first thing to spring to mind is some kind of tropical limbo challenge. People sometimes think that using plain English represents some kind of dumbing down. But short words are not lightweight or less useful. In fact, theyre often more powerful. Its just a case of having the confidence to use them. * (together with poor punctuation and overuse of the passive voice).

Consumer Buyer Behaviour and Organisational Buyer Behaviour Essay

Consumer Buyer Behaviour and Organisational Buyer Behaviour - Essay Example The researcher of this essay aims to analyze the buying process of the consumers which entails few different stages while arriving at a final purchase decision. The ‘consumer buying behavior’ is explained to be the buying of the products for the reason of personal or even household use but is not indulged in for any kind of business intentions. In a similar way, organizational buying is referred to be a multifaceted process related to decision making as well as communication. This multifaceted process is learned to occur over time entailing numerous organizational members along with their association with the other existing organizations as well as institutions. The process of organizational buying behavior is observed to be a definite behavior that involves more than just an easy process related to placing of orders with regard to the suppliers. ‘Organisational buying behavior’ is referred as the course of action related to decision making with the help of which the official organizations create the requirement for the purchased services as well as products.The official organizations are also believed to recognize, assess and select among the other suppliers and brands. Thus, this complete process is known as the ‘organisational buying behavior’ (Ferrell & Hartline, 2010). ... It needs to be mentioned and comprehended in this respect that the widely explained practice of organisational buying is believed to differ from the process related to consumer buying in certain significant ways. The innate challenges witnessed in the process of organisational buying compared to the consumer purchases are taken into concern from the external as well as internal viewpoints. To be specific, the external associations with regard to the buyer as well as the seller in case of organisational buying are believed to be reliant on the aspect of derived demand. This particular facet of derived demand is referred as an increasingly difficult buying as well as selling process along with involving an increasingly intense customer base. In comparison, the consumers are observed to indulge in purchases for the reason of their respective personal as well as household use along with involving a comparatively less difficult procedure and symbolising an assorted consumers group (Sheth, 1973). Internally, the organisational purchasers entail a tendency to provide increasing focus compared to the final consumers on the aspect of technology as well as superior performance. Greater emphasis is also learnt to be laid on the factor of customisation for the reason of catering to the definite necessities along with the guiding principle related to order-fulfilment. This factor of order-fulfilment is believed to involve manufacturing to ordering in comparison to just filling of a particular order related to finished products with regard to an accessible inventory (Oxford University Press, 2011). In comparison to the final consumers the organisational purchasers are also believed to entail a tendency of

Pollution and the effects on our economy and ways to make it better Research Paper

Pollution and the effects on our economy and ways to make it better - Research Paper Example In most cases, most of these negative implications hit more on the environment since most economic activities will involve the production in waste emitting industries. However, not all pollution may have some positive side as well. As it will be noted in the discussion, in some high levels of pollution, governments may be forced to create awareness on the issue and by so doing; employment will be created as human capital is needed to carry out the awareness campaigns. In this paper, discussion is made on how pollution impacts on various economic aspects, which are; Gross Private Domestic Investment, government spending, net export, employment rates and inflation rates. Pollution is a real crisis, with a lot of negative impacts on the environment, which goes on to stall economies locally, nationally and globally. Various economic activities result to pollution. In each of its diverse forms, it is linked to some particular consumption or production process. For instance, the amount of carbon monoxide released in the air has a definite relationship to the amount of fuel burned by diverse automotive engines; the discharge of polluted water into the streams and lakes can be directly linked to the level of output of the paper, steel, textile as well as all the other water-using industries and its amount is dependent on the technological facet of the particular industry. Description and explanation of the level of output of each sector of a given national economy as per its relationships to the corresponding levels of activities in all the other sectors is well done using input-output analysis (Clapp & Dauvergne 89). Undesirable by-products are linked directly to the network of physical relationships governing the daily operations of the economic system. The technical interdependence between the levels of desirable and undesirable outputs can best be described in terms of the structural coefficients similar to the ones used in

Censorship in the Music Industry Essay -- Censorship Essays

Censorship in the Music Industry Censorship in the music industry can be divided into two categories involving new music technology and music products. In the United States, the issue of censorship doesn’t necessarily concern music products but rather new music technology. The music industry has become increasingly concerned with the online peer-to-peer services like Kazaa and Morpheus using the MP3 format or motion pictures expert group which allows users to download music free and fast (Cloonan, 2003). In almost every other part of the world, music is censored someway or another usually by a country’s government, religious leaders, or individual broadcasters who are financed by their government (Cloonan, 2003). For example, the Middle East and North Africa region had the highest number of censorship incidents with 54 reports from 1980-1999 (Cloonan, 2003). The highest rated country was Turkey with 23 reports followed by the United States with 18 from 1980-1999 (Cloonan, 2003). During this period of time, the Turkish government succeeded at suppressing the language and culture of the Kurdish people involving the forbidden sale of cassettes by a Kurdish artist named Yzan Cugdis for being â€Å"against law and order† and the arrest of Ahmet Kaya for causing â€Å"political incidents† during one of his performances (Cloonan, 2003). In some countries, being fans of certain types of music can be reason for arrest or enforcement of a state ban. In 1996, Iran officials arrested 28 teenagers for possessing â€Å"obscene†CDs and cassettes and in 1988, two men of Albanian ethnic origin were arrested by Serbian police for possessing cassettes of Albanian music (Cloonan, 2003). Certain countries have even taken the step to completely... ...s or sexual content. Music censorship is still a heavily debated topic around the world. I believe in the areas of the world where censorship does take place, censorship isn’t enforced to protect citizens from the dangers of influential music but rather to maintain political control in these countries and also psychological control of its citizens. Is censorship really necessary? Do government authorities and religious leaders need to have this responsibility to censor music with supposedly good intent? And if so, what is the real purpose for censorship? Book: Cloonan, M and Reebee G, Ed; (2003). Policing Pop. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. Online/Web Site: Index Online (2003). Report: Morocco: Judge jails Moroccan heavy metal fans. March 7. Available online: http://www.indexonline.org/indexindex/20030307_morocco.html (accessed March 7, 2003) Censorship in the Music Industry Essay -- Censorship Essays Censorship in the Music Industry Censorship in the music industry can be divided into two categories involving new music technology and music products. In the United States, the issue of censorship doesn’t necessarily concern music products but rather new music technology. The music industry has become increasingly concerned with the online peer-to-peer services like Kazaa and Morpheus using the MP3 format or motion pictures expert group which allows users to download music free and fast (Cloonan, 2003). In almost every other part of the world, music is censored someway or another usually by a country’s government, religious leaders, or individual broadcasters who are financed by their government (Cloonan, 2003). For example, the Middle East and North Africa region had the highest number of censorship incidents with 54 reports from 1980-1999 (Cloonan, 2003). The highest rated country was Turkey with 23 reports followed by the United States with 18 from 1980-1999 (Cloonan, 2003). During this period of time, the Turkish government succeeded at suppressing the language and culture of the Kurdish people involving the forbidden sale of cassettes by a Kurdish artist named Yzan Cugdis for being â€Å"against law and order† and the arrest of Ahmet Kaya for causing â€Å"political incidents† during one of his performances (Cloonan, 2003). In some countries, being fans of certain types of music can be reason for arrest or enforcement of a state ban. In 1996, Iran officials arrested 28 teenagers for possessing â€Å"obscene†CDs and cassettes and in 1988, two men of Albanian ethnic origin were arrested by Serbian police for possessing cassettes of Albanian music (Cloonan, 2003). Certain countries have even taken the step to completely... ...s or sexual content. Music censorship is still a heavily debated topic around the world. I believe in the areas of the world where censorship does take place, censorship isn’t enforced to protect citizens from the dangers of influential music but rather to maintain political control in these countries and also psychological control of its citizens. Is censorship really necessary? Do government authorities and religious leaders need to have this responsibility to censor music with supposedly good intent? And if so, what is the real purpose for censorship? Book: Cloonan, M and Reebee G, Ed; (2003). Policing Pop. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. Online/Web Site: Index Online (2003). Report: Morocco: Judge jails Moroccan heavy metal fans. March 7. Available online: http://www.indexonline.org/indexindex/20030307_morocco.html (accessed March 7, 2003)

Discuss the View That Children Always Suffer When Both Parents Work Essay

As more and more parents try to work at the same time, problem arises: Do their children suffer when both of them don’t have enough time to take care of their children? It seems depends much more on the children, especially their attitudes towards this issue. Children will probably suffer a lot when they are young (below 12 years old) and both parents are at work. This is because they are not old enough to take care of themselves. They need their parents’ support, both mentally and physically. If parents neglect the growth of their children, it is quite possible that their children will get some bad habits from outside (eg, friends, medium), as they are not mature enough to distinguish right and wrong. And they need their parents’ consistent guidance to help them to be the best person they can be. Adolescent will suffer if they are not that self-controlled and both parents work. They can easily run wild when both parents don’t pay much attention about them. Their academic results may be adversely affected. Also, lots of problems will arise, such as skipping school, teen pregnancy and smoking. When both parents work, they may not have enough time take care of their children. And it seems that there is a gap between them and their children as they don’t have enough time to interact with their children. They may not take action in time when their children have misbehaved. And these may be reflected in poorer academic performance by the children, less attention given to their children’s health problem and higher rate of behavior problems of their children. However, if the children are well self-controlled and quite positive about the fact that both of their parents work, it seems to be a good chance for them to become more independent. Children at times will need to learn to do things on their own so it will not be a difficult task for them when they reach adulthood. As they may have already learnt lots of important skills (eg: cooking, self-sufficiency), which they have to learn when they become adults. It also leaves their children a space for them to develop independently when both parents work. To support the family is probably the main reason why both parents work. Actually children are benefited from this. When both parents are employed, they are able to earn more money to raise their children and support the family. They can provide a better living surrounding and a better education environment for their children. Of course, children will suffer when both parents work as they may not get enough care from their parents. However, at the same time, they will also benefit in other aspects, such as better education environment and healthcare system. Compared the gain and loses, I think children will lose more than what they have gained. Who wants to live without their parents when they are young, even though they know it maybe for their own good?

Analysing the performance of the Corporate Debt Market - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1375 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? The Planning era began since 1951 and DFIs were increasingly encouraged to finance the project funding needs of the Indian corporate sector. The Government of India and RBI facilitated the concessional rates for corporate sector by giving the following to the DFIs: Access to low cost funds Permission to issue bonds with government guarantee Allocations from budget With the onset of economic reforms, the budgetary support and government guarantee to DFIs was withdrawn. The DFIs converted themselves into commercial banks to have access to the public deposit mechanism and served as source of long term finance to the Indian corporate sector. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Analysing the performance of the Corporate Debt Market" essay for you Create order Primary issuance market, in the corporate debt market, is dominated by non-banking finance companies and relatively small amount of funds are raised through issuance of debt papers by manufacturing and other service industries. The following are some of the different types of corporate debt securities issued: Non-Convertible Debentures Partly-Convertible Debentures/Fully-Convertible Debentures (convertible in to Equity Shares) Secured Premium Notes Debentures with Warrants Deep Discount Bonds PSU Bonds/Tax-Free Bonds The sections herein explain the following: Significance of a vibrant corporate bond market Prerequisites for the development of corporate debt market Reasons for under-development of the corporate bond market in India Significance of a well developed corporate bond market 1. Reduce dependence on banks for long term finance Due to regulatory constraints and absence of proper incentives to opt for corporate debt, the corporate sector in India prefers the banks as a source of long term finance. The East Asian crisis showed the pitfall of excessive reliance on bank financing. 2. Create a source of long term financing Developing countries like India will have opportunities for long term investments, especially in infrastructure projects. Banks, having short term liabilities, may not be able to continue and meet the growing needs of a developing country with long term financing requirements. A vibrant bond market gives access to such long term debt. The ability of raise funds has a long lasting effect of the growth of the economy of a country. Hence creating a more stable source of long term finance is crucial. 3. Cheaper source of finance Corporates with good credit rating lose out on the opportunity to raise funds directly from the market. As the corporate debt market develops and becomes liquid, the cost of raising funds will also reduce and also bring stability. Prerequisites Less complex regulatory framework for public issues The main deterrence to corporate in issuing debt securities to the public is the lengthy and rigorous procedure that entails it. Thus the regulatory framework needs to be simplified and made more conducive and issuer friendly to good credit rated companies. Reduction in time and cost of issuances The time required and the costs incurred in making public issues must be reduced to incentivise the corporate sector. Reduction of corporate sector dependence on banks The mindset of the Indian Corporate sector to depend on banks to finance their long term investment needs must change. Legal Structure There must a robust legal structure in place to encourage innovative financial products that would cater to various risk-return appetite of a diverse set of investors. Market Infrastructure The market must be made more conducive to the trading, reporting and settlement of trades in the corporate bond market. Transparency must brought in through efficient price discovery process. Presence of rating agencies Credible rating agencies must be present in the market to give information about the credit worthiness of the issuer and the debt securities Developed Government securities market The G-Sec market needs to be well-developed as the price and yield of corporate bonds are marked on the basis of the benchmark G-Sec prices and yields. Reasons for slow development of Indian corporate debt market Lengthy regulatory requirements and disclosures The regulatory requirements for public issues were rigorous in terms of quality and type of disclosures Utilization of funds The utilization of funds raised through public debt securities was required approval and was mandatorily needed to be disclosed to the retail investors. Minimum Investment Grade Bonds had to have a certain minimum investment grade for it to be issued in the primary market. Those below this minimum investment grade were not allowed to be issued to the public. This clause was removed as per circular to amend the DIP (Disclosure and Investor Protection) Guidelines, 2000. Risks Involved The offer document must contain the issuers perception of risk on matters such as assets and debtors, dilution risk (changes in credit quality of pool of assets), currency, interest and other risks. Disclosures Disclosures regarding the public offer, the debt instruments, the issuer, the originator, the servicer, the Trustees, the transaction structure and cash flows. The rigorous norms that have to be followed for issuing bonds make this process lengthy and burdensome process as compared to raising funds from the banks or other institutions or through private placement option Listing of debt securities Filing on stock exchanges: The firm needs to make an application to one or more recognized stock exchanges for listing of their debt securities. Draft offer documents: The firm needs to file draft offer documents with the designated stock exchange and have it posted on the websites (if any) of the company, lead merchant banker and the designated stock exchanges. Excessive dependence on bank loans and private placement The Corporate prefers bank loans to finance its long term investment needs to issuing debt securities in the primary market. Also, they can raise funds in the primary market through public issue of bonds or through the private placement route. The Indian corporate sector still prefers private placement as the firms find issuance of public debt securities is a lengthy and rigorous task. Also, the cost of issuance exceeds the cost of private placement. Another factor is that more funds can be raised through the private placement route. Non-transparency The corporate bond market was non-transparent as there was no system to enable efficient price discovery and allow comparison of prices quoted by seller and strike the best deals. Non-availability of information Till 2007, there was no information available on the trading activities in the corporate debt market. To improve this, SEBI, in 2007, permitted BSE and NSE to set up reporting as well as trading platforms to get real time information of trade volume, trading prices and other trading activity related data. Trading on OTC market could be reported through the reporting tool of NSE or BSE. Issuance costs Advertisements The public issue needs to be accompanied by advertisements in a national daily with wide circulation informing the public about the issue and giving truthful information. Credit Rating Earlier, bond issuers had to obtain rating from two separate credit rating agencies increasing the cost of issuances. This clause has been amended since 2007 to obtain rating from just one rating agency. Minimum Subscription The issuer may decide on a minimum amount of debt it seeks to raise from the public and it must be mentioned in the offer document. In the event of non-receipt of the minimum subscription, the money needs to be refunded to the applicants. Thus all costs involved for issuance like merchant banker charges, advertisement costs will have to be incurred with no result. Dematerialization of instruments Also, the issuer has to enter into an arrangement with a registered depository for dematerialization of the securitized debt instruments that are proposed to be issued to the public. Auditing expenses An auditor and a valuer may be appointed to look into the books of accounts of the entity and for proper valuation of asset pools. The expenses of such an audit may be borne by the originator. Fees Application fees, registration fees, annual fees, filing fees for offer documents. Settlement and Clearing System There was no settlement and clearing system in place for the corporate bonds. The settlement on BSE is done on a rolling basis using BOLT (BSE Online Trading) whereas NSE uses its NSCCL (National Securities Clearing Corp. Ltd) platform to settle corporate bonds trades. However, majority of the transaction is in the OTC market with bilateral settlement. Investor diversity Most of the investors do not have a long term view in mind. The household which could form a major part of the investor base is practically absent in the corporate debt market in India.